There were insufficient data to comment on any effects on quality of life or activities of daily living. The pooled MD (random‐effects model) for walking velocity was 0.08 m/s (95% CI 0.05 to 0.12 P < 0.00001 I 2 = 49%). In 38 studies with a total of 1571 participants who were independent in walking at study onset, the use of treadmill training increased the walking velocity significantly. The pooled MD (random‐effects model) for walking velocity was 0.03 m/s (95% CI ‐0.05 to 0.10 12 trials, 954 participants P = 0.50 I² = 55% low‐quality evidence) and the pooled MD for walking endurance was 21.64 metres (95% CI ‐4.70 to 47.98 10 trials, 882 participants P = 0.11 I² = 47% low‐quality evidence). Overall, the use of treadmill training with body weight support in walking rehabilitation for people after stroke did not increase the walking velocity and walking endurance at the end of scheduled follow‐up. The pooled mean difference (MD) (random‐effects model) for walking velocity was 0.06 m/s (95% CI 0.03 to 0.09 47 trials, 2323 participants P < 0.0001 I² = 44% moderate‐quality evidence) and the pooled MD for walking endurance was 14.19 metres (95% CI 2.92 to 25.46 28 trials, 1680 participants P = 0.01 I² = 27% moderate‐quality evidence). Overall, the use of treadmill training in walking rehabilitation for people after stroke increased the walking velocity and walking endurance significantly. Overall, the use of treadmill training did not increase the chances of walking independently compared with other physiotherapy interventions (risk difference (RD) ‐0.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) ‐0.02 to 0.02 18 trials, 1210 participants P = 0.94 I² = 0% low‐quality evidence).
All participants had at least some walking difficulties and many could not walk without assistance. The average age of the participants was 60 years, and the studies were carried out in both inpatient and outpatient settings. We included 56 trials with 3105 participants in this updated review.
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